Kannada Character Recognition System A Review

Intensive research has been done on optical character recognition ocr and a large number of articles have been published on this topic during the last few decades. Many commercial OCR systems are now available in the market, but most of these systems work for Roman, Chinese, Japanese and Arabic characters. There are no sufficient number of works on Indian language character recognition especially Kannada script among 12 major scripts in India. This paper presents a review of existing work on printed Kannada script and their results. The characteristics of Kannada script and Kannada Character Recognition System kcr are discussed in detail. Finally fusion at the classifier level is proposed to increase the recognition accuracy.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

How well do India's social service programs serve the poor?

Reaching India's poor calls for greatly improved social service delivery systems, better targeting of the poor, more coordination between agencies, policies aimed at income generation, and more involvement of the poor and of nongovernmental organizations. The authors of this paper found that India's social services were used relatively little by the poor. The health and education of the poor has improved but not as much for the population as a whole. The reasons that all social service programs did so little to alleviate poverty are similar. Physical access to education and health services has improved but inequalities exist because of biases in locating facilities. The access of the poor to housing, social security, and social welfare services has been limited because these services were inadequate relative to needs and because services leak to the nonpoor. Social service policies are not comprehensive enough and the quality of services is low. Issues common to the social sector delivery systems are weak management, ineffective targeting, and inflexible service delivery systems that result in a mismatch between perceived needs and services delivered. The bureaucracy is inadequate to reach the poor. Existing capacity and resources are inadequate, particularly for education and health.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Safety Nets and Transfers,Rural Poverty Reduction

Pengaruh Faktor-faktor Fundamental Terhadap Harga Saham PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk Tahun 2004-2013

The stock price reflects the value of a company. If the company achieve good performance, the company's stock will be much in demand by investors. Achieved a good performance can be seen in the company's financial statements published by the company (issuer).The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of fundamental factors to the stock price of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk period 2004-2013. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Hypothesis testing using t-test and F test results showed that the partial net profit margin and return on equity does not affect the price of the shares of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk only earning per share which affect the stock price of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. Simultaneously, net profit margin, return on equity, and earnings per share effect on the stock price of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. The data obtained by the author in the form of secondary data to obtain these data the authors made a visit to the website of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk, the authors use the data overview of the financial period 2004 to 2013 were analyzed using SPSS

Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2009-2011)

This study aims to analyze the effect of firm characteristics on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. Disclosure of corporate social responsibility is the dependent variable in this study as measured by Key Success Factors are based on the Performance of Social containing 78 indiktor measuring corporate social responsibility. The independent variables were studied. commissioners size, profitability, and leverage. The independent variables were studied Commissioners size, profitability,and leverage.The sample is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2009 to 2011. The sample is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2009 to 2011. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 140 companies. Analysis data was performed with the classical assumption test and hypothesis testing multiple regression analysis. Analysis data was performed with the classical hypothesis testing Assumption test and linear regression method.The results of this study indicate that the variable size of the board of commissioners and a significant positive effect on the profitability of corporate social responsibility disclosure. The results of this study indicate that the variable size of the board of Commissioners and a significant positive effect on the profitability of corporate social responsibility disclosure. While significant negative leverage variable on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. While significant negative leverage variable on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility

CHRONOTHERAPEUTIC DELIVERY OF DICLOFENACSODIUM USING ALMOND GUM AS CARRIER FOR THE TREATEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

  Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate a matrix system for chronotherapeutic delivery of diclofenac sodium using almond gum as a carrier for the treatment rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: Matrix tablets of diclofenac sodium were prepared using 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% w/w of tablet using almond gum as a carrier by wet granulation technique. These tablets were compression coated with Eudragit S100 to prevent drug release in the stomach. All formulations were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, in vitro and in vivo studies. The release kinetics were studied. The almond gum was characterized by viscosity measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The coated (FC1 to FC5) and uncoated tablets (F1 to F5) were evaluated for in vitro release of diclofenac sodium after sequential exposure to pH 1.2, pH 7.4, and pH 6.8, respectively, for 2 hr, 3 hr, and 19 hr in the absence as well as presence of rat cecal content. The selected formulation was subjected to in vivo targeting efficacy studies by roentgenography technique.Results: In vitro release studies indicated that the matrix tablets (F1 to F5) failed to control the drug release in the physiological environment of the stomach and small intestine. On the other hand, compression-coated formulations were able to protect the tablet cores from premature drug release. In the presence of rat cecal contents, FC5 formulation has shown highest release for longer period when compared to that of FC5 in the absence of cecal contents. The values of the correlation coefficient indicated that the drug release followed zero order drug release kinetics with Peppas drug release mechanism. FTIR studies confirmed that there was no interaction between the drug and the carrier. X-ray studies confirmed that the tablet successfully reached colon without getting disintegrated in upper gastrointestinal tract.Conclusion: Based on the results, selective delivery of diclofenac sodium to the colon could be achieved using 70% w/w (FC5) of almond gum matrix tablets compression coated with Eudragit S100 as a carrier.Keywords: Diclofenac sodium, Gum almond, Eudragit S100, Roentgenography, Rat cecal content

Application and Effectiveness of Immunostimulants, Probiotics, and Prebiotics in Aquaculture: A Review

Immunostimulants, also called immunomodulators, adjuvants, or biological response modifiers, stimulate the immune system. They can be administered in the form of drugs or nutrients. Probiotics are organisms or substances that improve the intestinal microbial balance of a host animal. Prebiotics are indigestible components in a diet that are metabolized by specific microorganisms and prove helpful for the growth and health of the host. When provided as dietary supplements in feeds, even in small quantities, immunostimulants, probiotics, and prebiotics usually improve immunity, feed efficiency, and growth performance of crustaceans and fishes. The use of immunostimulants, probiotics, and prebiotics in aquaculture are presented in this review